EAR Calculator

Calculate Effective Annual Rate (EAR) from APR with different compounding frequencies. Essential for comparing investment returns and loan costs.

Calculate Effective Annual Rate

%

Nominal annual rate

Times per year

EAR Formula: EAR = (1 + APR/n)^n - 1

Where n = compounding frequency per year

Advanced Options

%

For after-tax EAR calculation

%

For real return calculation

Results

Effective Annual Rate

0.00%

True annual return

Key Metrics

Nominal Rate (APR): 0.00%
Compounding Frequency: -
Rate Difference: 0.00%
Compounding Benefit: $0.00

Investment Growth

$1,000 grows to: $0.00
$10,000 grows to: $0.00
Time to double: 0.0 years

Rate Assessment

-
Calculate to see rate assessment

Interpretation

Enter values to see EAR analysis and financial insights.

Compounding Effect Visualization

Understanding Effective Annual Rate (EAR)

The Effective Annual Rate (EAR) represents the actual annual rate of return on an investment or the true cost of a loan, accounting for the effect of compounding.

Key Concepts

  • APR vs EAR: APR is the nominal rate; EAR accounts for compounding frequency
  • Compounding Effect: More frequent compounding increases the effective rate
  • True Comparison: EAR allows accurate comparison between different investment options
  • Real Returns: Inflation-adjusted returns show purchasing power changes

EAR Formulas

Standard Formula: EAR = (1 + APR/n)^n - 1

Continuous Compounding: EAR = e^(APR) - 1

From Investment Performance: EAR = (FV/PV)^(1/t) - 1

After-Tax EAR: EAR × (1 - Tax Rate)

Real Return: (1 + EAR) / (1 + Inflation) - 1

Compounding Frequencies

  • Annual (n=1): Interest compounded once per year
  • Semi-annual (n=2): Compounded twice per year
  • Quarterly (n=4): Compounded four times per year
  • Monthly (n=12): Most common for loans and savings
  • Daily (n=365): High-frequency compounding
  • Continuous: Mathematical limit of compounding frequency

Applications and Analysis

Investment Applications

  • Portfolio Comparison: Compare returns across different investment vehicles
  • Bond Analysis: Evaluate bond yields with different payment frequencies
  • Savings Accounts: Compare banks offering different compounding schedules
  • Retirement Planning: Calculate true growth rates for long-term planning

Lending Applications

  • Credit Cards: Understand true cost of carrying balances
  • Mortgages: Compare loans with different compounding terms
  • Personal Loans: Evaluate total borrowing costs
  • Business Financing: Assess financing options accurately

Factors Affecting EAR

  • Compounding Frequency: Higher frequency increases EAR
  • Nominal Rate: Base rate before compounding effects
  • Time Period: Longer periods amplify compounding benefits
  • Tax Implications: Taxes reduce effective returns
  • Inflation: Erodes real purchasing power of returns

Decision Making Guidelines

  • Investment Selection: Choose options with highest EAR for similar risk
  • Loan Comparison: Select loans with lowest EAR for same terms
  • Tax Planning: Consider after-tax EAR for investment decisions
  • Inflation Protection: Ensure real returns meet financial goals
  • Risk Assessment: Higher EAR may indicate higher risk